Sunday, December 29, 2019

Professional Identity Is The Persona Assumed By One Who

Professional identity is the persona assumed by one who holds expertise or specialised knowledge (Dadich 2015). It can also be defined as morals, beliefs that an individual feel. Specific to nursing, professional identity is to provide quality care for patients and to ensure a safe environment for others. For the nursing profession, there are a set of guidelines, codes of conduct and codes of ethics nurses need to follow to ensure the best care is given and provided for others. There are three main agencies who nurses need to follow; these are the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) and The National Safety and Quality Health Standards (NSQHS). The Australian Health†¦show more content†¦The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) are responsible for; developing standards and setting codes and guidelines for the nursing profession (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2015, para.1). Nurses need to meet the professional standards of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia they can do this by being registered with the board to meet the established professional standards in Australia to protect others and the public (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017, para.1). There are many different versions of the documents from previous years that have some of the same information but have been revised throughout the years. This is because the rules and regulations are constantly changing and being updated with each year. These are relevant for most of the documents on the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia website. For example, the Codes of Conduct, Ethics, Standards and Guidelines where the names of organisation and the layout are always changing and need to be updated in the documents to ensure that the information is reflecting the changing healthcare knowledge. The difference between standards and guideline is that guidelines are a general rule that can be followed while standards are something that ideally should be done. Confidentiality is critical for nursing professional to understand and undertake. If a nurse did not keep aShow MoreRelatedHow Does Godard s Work, Breathless, Use Genre Or Generic Expectations?1401 Words   |  6 Pagesan important message to the audience. Michel is a thief who tries to portray gangster style by possessing a gun accidentally. As a matter of fact, he does all sorts things to copy the actions of other stars in the film industry. Patricia is attracted to Michel as a result of his lifestyle. She is informed knows that Michel is a murderer and a family man but she persists to test his love for her. In general, the film embraces a rougher persona style that was more experimental as opposed to traditionalRead MoreDistinguishing Fantasy from Reality: Comparison Essay Between the Things They Carried and Fight Club1916 Words   |  8 Pagesfamily. Throughout the book, Jack takes on a professional, fictional persona resembling that of Hitler, being the Chairman of Hitler Stud ies at the College-on-the-Hill (DeLillo 4). Jack turns his professional persona into this fictional character, something he could transform himself into, as if he was filling a Hitler mold. Jack relies on this Hitler-esque persona to sustain his own personal identity and self-worth, although in his mind, this fake persona is only subsidiary to his own personality.Read MoreThe Theory Of The Glass Ceiling Metaphor Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesposits that individuals might question the capacity of women in leadership roles, because requirements of leadership contradict the social role of women (Sabharwal, 2015). Because men majorly occupy leadership roles, it is largely assumed that leadership demands male-like personas. Therefore, women are judged less favorably when seeking management positions. Moreover, managers are less likely to promote women because of their social responsibility as mothers, which ascribe the primary responsibility ofRead MoreBrand Identity of Armani3007 Word s   |  13 PagesBRAND IDENTITY- The Concept Brand management starts from the concept of brand identity. Brand identity has been defined as a word or a logo, related to a product, that at the beginning has no sense and then, year after year, it acquires a meaning determined by the products and the communications of the past. Firms can’t manage directly the sense behind their brands but they have to manage it through brand identity as perceived by the market. While brand image is a reception concept, identity is onRead More‘What Writers Tend to Demonstrate in Texts Which Explore Relationships Between Men and Women, Is That Women Have Always Been Relatively Powerless and the Victims of Society’s Double Standards’ Compare and Contrast the3734 Words   |  15 Pagessociety’s double standards’ Compare and contrast the extent to which this interpretation applies to your chosen three texts. Throughout Literature the role and position of women has been constantly one of debate and controversy. For centuries women have struggled to exert any power or individual identity through times of male dominance. The novel The Great Gatsby as well as the play A Streetcar Named Desire and lastly the poetry of Anne Sexton, were all written during the 20th Century in America. ThroughoutRead MoreEssay on Annie Liebovitzs Women2280 Words   |  10 Pagesremarkable accomplishment: senators, supreme court justices, astronauts, athletes, opera singers, firefighters, a philanthropist maid, basketball stars, movie stars, elementary school teachers, weightlifters, and performance artists, as well as those who happen to fall in the viewfinder, sitting in the back of a pickup truck playing with Barbie dolls, or seeking shelter from domestic abuse at the local YMCA. Viewing this seemingly objective portrayal of women, we must consider the statements being madeRead MoreThe Wise Fools of Shakespe are1868 Words   |  8 PagesThe Wise Fools of Shakespeare â€Å"Infirmity that decays the wise doth ever make a better fool† – though uttered by one of his own characters Shakespeare does not seem to conform to this ideal. The fools carved by Shakespeare in his plays showed no resemblance to the mentally and physically challenged people who were treated as pets and used for amusement during the medieval period. Rather Shakespeare’s fools appear to be in the best of their wits when they are in possession of the wisest minds. FoolsRead MoreWhat are the Effects of Representation and Self-regulation in the Media in Respect to Gender and Sexuality?2429 Words   |  10 Pagesinterest in how these representations affect our perceptions of gender and sexuality. Initially I will define what is meant by representation and self-regulation in a media context. Secondly, I will examine debates around these issues including self-identity role models, privacy public interest and censorship freedom of speech. To support this I will analyse three case studies to illustrate how media texts are produced and consumed and what effect this has on the representation of gender and sexualityRead MoreLeadership Through The African American Lens : Seeking Understanding3318 Words   |  14 PagesAfrican American cultural lens assertion. Maltbia and Power (2009) implied that cultural lenses functioned like transition lenses in that they automatically performed when encountering certain triggers or under pressure. However, to begin this study, one must recognize that there is a lengthy history of discrimination and racism in America (Bonilla-Silva, 1997). The fabric of this country is indebted to the control, subjugation, and disenfranchisement of various peoples over the course of centuriesRead MoreFrancis Bacon : An Essay3660 Words   |  15 Pagesquestioned when otherwise. When writing, the use of a colorful vocabulary, vivid imagery, and an exposed identity isn’t questioned-it’s adorned- and that†™s exactly what essays do. The vision of an article also differs from an essay because when you have a vision of an article, you want the reader to be informed with the facts given, and for them not to ask questions because they’ve already been answered the who, what, when, where, and why. In an essay, the vision is to present information of a subject to

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Mental Illness A Beautiful Mind - 1534 Words

Mental Illness Portrayal in A Beautiful Mind In our current society, entertainment such as movies and television shows help shape the stigma so many individuals follow and use to create their opinions. Whether the filmmaker realizes or not, there is always an impact and opinion left on the viewer. When combining entertainment and mental illness, mental illness has been displayed in a wide variety of states throughout the course of the last few decades. One example is the movie A Beautiful Mind, which was filmed in the 2000’s and follows a man on his journey of being diagnosed with schizophrenia and how his treatments and support system shape him into the man he becomes. When examining John Nash, the main character of the film, information†¦show more content†¦Throughout the film John experiences paranoia related to the Russians potentially knowing his whereabouts and how vital he is to the Department of Defense while cracking the Russian’s codes. This paranoid thinking, along with John’s delusions, start to take a toll on his ability to be in the present. After reluctance with realizing he is experiencing delusions, John learns to control how the delusions affect his life and continues to live a long and healthy life. Once John Nash begins teaching at MIT, he interacts with Alicia Larde, a student participating in John’s calculus class who works on a challenging equation which John Nash poses to the class to try and complete, even though he believes it will be too challenging for most of the students to complete. Alicia meets Nash in his office to discuss what she believes is the solution to the challenging equation and from there a relationship between John and Alicia begins. The movie shows the development of these two character’s relationships and eventually the characters get married and have a child. Alicia Nash is a key character throughout the film: not only is she there to support and help John through his cha llenging time, she is the one to contact the psychiatric hospital when John’s behavior begins to becomeShow MoreRelatedMental Illness : A Beautiful Mind1862 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to modern Neuroscience, mental illnesses have become an increasingly popular commodity within the medical community. Even though Schizophrenia only affects one percent of today’s population, the damage behind this mental illness is perilous (cite kate). One third of the hospital beds in Canada are occupied by individuals who have been diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (add citation by Kate). Essentially, schizophrenia is characterized as an importantRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By Ron Howard935 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of films that have ranged from striking examples of artistic mediocrity to hallmarks of cinematic excellence. One such film displaying cinematic excellence is ‘A Beautiful Mind’. The film is a biographical drama film directed by Ron Howard based on the biographical book that was written by Sylvia Nasar. A Beautiful Mind tells the story of Nash Forbes Nash, a brilliant mathematician who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia. At the beginning of the film, Nash commences his career at PrincetonRead MoreMovie Analysis – a Beautiful Mind1439 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Analysis – A Beautiful Mind A Beautiful Mind is a true story based on the life of John Forbes Nash, the mathematical genius who, while a graduate at Princeton University in the 1940s, discovered a principle equation that changed economic theory. But his extraordinary career was sidetracked by his struggle with schizophrenia, almost destroying his family and himself. The irony of his predicament was that the drugs that kept his psychosis in check also prevented him from thinking coherentlyRead MoreA Beautiful Mind1467 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Nicole Calabro Professor Kulpanowski PSY 2013 October 21, 2013 A Beautiful Mind â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† is a sad yet unique, inspiring film. The film was directed by Ron Howard and provided people a whole new perspective on psychological disorders. When people generally hear the words â€Å"mental illness,† the thoughts of crazy, insane, different, abnormal and weird come into place. â€Å"A Beautiful Mind,† based on a true story and a novel by Sylvia Nasar, has proven the standard thoughts to be inaccurateRead More Ethical Analysis of A Beautiful Mind Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Analysis of â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"A Beautiful mind† is a story based on the life of John Forbes Nash, who is a famous mathematician. Unfortunately, he is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia that majorly affects his personal and social life. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which the patient’s ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes (Hockenbury, 2010). John Nash, the main character, faces many challenges in his professionalRead MoreA Beautiful Mind: Schizophrenia Essay examples798 Words   |  4 PagesA Beautiful Mind is an inspiring story about triumph over schizophrenia, among the most devastating and disabling of all mental disorders. A Beautiful Mind succeeds in realistically describing the disturbed thinking, emotion, perception, and behavior that characterizes the disorder, and shows the difficult task of management of and/or recovery from the disorder. The movie communicates the vital importance of the factors that contributed to Nashs recovery and achievement of his amazing potentialRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Schizophreni A Beautiful Mind And The Realities Of The Illness1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe Portrayal of Schizophrenia In A Beautiful Mind and The Realities of The Illness In the movie A Beautiful Mind, Russell Crow performs the part of a schizophrenic. Mental illnesses possess a negative connotation in society. The illness schizophrenia is not rare, but is not completely understood yet. The portrayal of this mental illness in A Beautiful Mind is not correct, but it is not wrong either. Hollywood tends to exaggerate situations, but they also depict a few of schizophrenia’s symptomsRead MoreQuestion 1:. The Film Beautiful Mind Illustrates The Life1402 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1: The film Beautiful Mind illustrates the life of a bright mathematician by the name of John Nash. He suffers from a severe form of mental illness- paranoid schizophrenia. His mental issues began in early adulthood, affecting his career and personal life. John Nash’s abnormal behavior towards the individuals surrounding him makes others find him as strange and distant. His behavior meets the criteria for abnormal, Nash is suffering from auditory and visual hallucinations and a distortedRead MoreA Beautiful Mind1713 Words   |  7 PagesApplied Paper A Beautiful Mind describes schizophrenia and the background on various treatment methods through the life of John Nash, a famous mathematician and creator of game theory. The book describes the early stages Nash’s mental illness as a young adult, the acknowledged impairment and reduction of thinking capacity, the various treatments methods and his eventual recovery. I want to focus on when Nash is a graduate student attending Princeton University in 1947. This moment in his lifeRead MoreEssay Media Madness1389 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Madness: Public Images of Mental Illness, Americans tend to retrieve most their knowledge about mental illness through the mass media (Wahl 3). When it comes to mental illness, it is safe to say that much of society views the mentally ill as deviants who are capricious and potentially dangerous. Or at least, that is how they are sometimes portrayed in movies, books, music, magazines, etc. Those who are knowledgeable about the severity and ser iousness of mental illnesses often view the media

Friday, December 13, 2019

Rose Free Essays

Lee is unafraid to show emotion, especially when writing about his father or his wife. The images Lee finds, such as the rose and the apple, can refer to the life-span off human. Life (on the tree branch), falling off tree (Life- span), then how death Is portrayed by using the ground as the end of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Rose or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even his father’s blindness and death can become beautiful. From what I gathered from the poems in Rose, was Lee grew up in a strong tight-knit family environment. He is not afraid to describe is feelings with colorful adjectives, and has a powerful relationship with his mother and father throughout his poems. It is clear that Lee grew up in an atmosphere where there is a certain level of humility, love of speech, from where he also searched for wisdom understanding. Lie-Young Lee’s poems are very beautiful and meditative. The way that Lee captures love longing, subtle forms of love, nuances of parental relationships, and the sadness and reflection that makes it meaningful and thought provoking to the reader. Lee draws on his own life experience in such a way that readers will wonder if he is ring to extract those experiences from his inner self. While these poems are deeply personal, they are also universal in their appeal. Like a child who possesses a sensual, adult relationship with the world, Lie-Young Lee shines with an open gentleness and delicate Iverson 2 sensitivity. Nothing escapes his keen eye and, as he so greatly illustrates, the greatest art is all around us. Lee’s poetry results in a clarification or awakening of feelings that summon the reader’s desire to examine his or her feelings, and by examining them, express them. Therefore, by reaching into our own self-awareness, we are able to eek redemption. We forgive ourselves. Young Lee’s poetry is lucid in the way he captures the details of living with accuracy and tenderness, it moves the reader to awe . Lee reveals the way our families create who we are in a manner that heals the reader and makes us examine our own lives. Lee often writes about his father and his own attempt to understand his connection to him and the heritage bestowed on him. Lee also uses many forms of symbolism throughout his work. For example, in â€Å"Dreaming of Hair,† the hair is an evil thread of death. This Lee sees the simple image of his father braiding his mother’s hair. Lee’s work is filled with these varying symbolic representations of the ordinary. This is one of things that make his work so unique and interesting. The poetry of Lie-Young Lee consists of simple forms that create a natural and earthy feel for the reader. The symbolism and imagery in his work comes from the deep well of experience and Lee writes in a style that gives the reader a sense of his urgency – almost as if Lee is trying to purge himself from what lies within him. Because of this, Rose is a very interesting and thought provoking read. How to cite Rose, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Centers Disease Control and Prevention †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Centers Disease Control and Prevention. Answer: Introduction HIV is considered as one of the challenges to the life of human and dignity. It gives direct impact on the levels of society and also gives impact on the global economic and social development. It is a virus that directly attacks the immune system. The virus gives negative impact on the white blood cell in the immune system named as T helper cell and makes many copies of it inside the cells. The biomedical concept is taken into consideration and it remains as a dominant concept related with health. It states that the body is a machine that comprises of various parts working together. If one part is not functioning properly, then proper diagnosis takes place and it is healed by taking medicines prescribed by a doctor. Pharmacology is considered as a treatment that is beneficial in the treatment of HIV. It is assessed that to promote biomedical, the alternatives approaches are taken into consideration to heal the problem of an individual. The biomedical approach can be unsuitable for some communities and also it generates the feeling of helplessness and gives impact on the success of the interventions. The concept that is related to health and illness are diverse and also complex as compared to the medical model. It gives the main emphasis on the health of an individual and also it is related to the complete life experiences that are concerned with local and cultural structures. But the biomedical approach heals the whole person by connecting the illness of an individual with the person's social and economic background. The critics are evaluated of this model that the concept is very difficult to analyze and also it remains marginalized and also less recognized. On the contrary, Taylor (2003) states that lay perspective is considered as an important knowledge for the health of the p ublic as it searches the root of illness for giving treatment to a large population if the comparison is made with the individual focused interventions. The medical model creates hindrance in enhancing and creating prevention of the diseases like HIV (Wouters et al. (2016). In the theory of Goffman (1990), it assists to understand that how the stigma is built and how it influences the lives of the people that create the boundaries between those in power and those do not have the power (Attell,2013). By the power the social inequality is created that lead to creation of social norms. The stigma is formulated that helps to interact with people and also power structure that helps to maintain control of the powerless. Both the theories are taken into consideration in HIV and are concerned to showcase that how negative attitude, abuse are directed towards PLWHA have given direct impact on the progress of treatment and prevention (Ngo et al., 2013). The investigation has highlighted that stigma in health care settings are taken from social power imbalances that give contribution to keep the people away from the treatment of HIV. Also, the patients feel sad and disappointed when they analyzed that the health workers are feeling uncomfortable and also giving treatment in an inferior manner (Rodger et al., 2014). In Tanzania, there are many discriminatory practices like talking about the HIV status, neglect and also discloses the information without the consent of the patients. Also, it is evaluated that in many countries the health workers disclose the status of HIV patients to their families without giving information to the patients. In most of the studies, harassment and also avoiding the patients who are suffering from HIV positive are the common features that are analyzed. There are many health workers who used protective clothing even when there is no physical interaction at the time of interactions (Matheson et al., 2013). The literature on HIV and also to access the health services is negative as the evidence is evaluated and also the HIV services were de stigmatizing in various parts of the globe. Brazil has also taken into consideration the model by PLWHA. For them, it is the supportive structural system that enhances healthy environments and promotes the participation of various groups in the society and also in the government. In South Africa, many people rely on traditional healing. In the prevention of HIV, Aids Activism plays a great role by converting the biomedical approach in the framework of ideologies (Earnshaw et al., 2013). The literature states that for effective control of HIV it is important to have collaboration between lay perspectives and biomedical approach. It is also evaluated that there is no cure for AIDS but it can enhance the life by reducing the level of HIV in the body, it delays the process between the HIV and AIDS. According to the World Bank, There are 60 million people who are living with HIV globally. Also, the treatment has enhanced but as it is analyzed that for every 100 people on treatment, 250 people get infected. The people are only trusting biomedical approach for treatment and care of HIV (Katz et al., 2013). By analyzing the UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010, it is seen that in total 7 countries the HIV has enhanced by 25 percent between 2001 and 2009. Sub Saharan Africa, is considered as the area that is highly affected by the epidemic and also it shows the signs in reducing the positive behavior due to the enhancement of the services that are related to the local culture (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNICEF, 2010).The challenges that are given by HIV to the global public health are, the Baum says collective participation fight can be conducted against the disease. She stated that the community level mobilization is when there is an effective partnership between the structure and the lay people (Campbell Foulis, 2004). This is then supported by the farmer who does not consider the dominance of biomedical in health and healing (Norris et al., 2014). He considers that the lay people have an important role in the health improvements and also gives focus on the significance of understanding the experience of lay people for conducting successful interventions. He showed that the health care services should be easily visible to PLWHA .Also; the professional of healthcare should give knowledge about the impact of stigma on patients and policies that enhances inclusion of PLWHA in decisions that gives direct impact on the lives (Wu Li, 2013). Parker and Aggleton, (2003) also stated that collective participation between the lay people and health structures plays as a successful anti-stigma services (Parker Aggleton, 2003). It is evaluated that the health structure and PLWHA can be enhanced by involving lay people through advocacy. If the involvement is high of PLWHA, then the focus is given on the principle of PLWA because the situation can be analyzed in an effective manner (Li et al., 2015). Also, the voices can listen if the needs are showcased by people in the same situation. In the study of Zambia, it is seen that the professionals who are living with HIV are in the position to sponsor for the people who access the services. Baum states that the advocacy consists of public health a practitioner who gives direct influence on the barriers in the health of the public. Literature also states that the concept of health and healing helps to access the services that give treatment and prevention from AIDS (Herek et al., 2013).The biomedical approach is related to the concept of health and illness through science and expertise by giving emphasis on the individual. The lay concept considers health and heal ing as surrounded by the local, social and cultural structures and also it considers the public health for a wide population. The literature also advises the approach is effective in the prevention of HIV. The arguments give significance on collaborating the models. So there is the need of the intervention programmers so that holistic approach can be developed and also proper understanding should be taken into consideration (World Health Organization, 2016). Before the identification of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, the principal mode that is considered in the transmission was through the contaminated blood. There are 13,000 cases of AIDS that have occurred among hemophiliacs in the United States. There are two reasons due to which the risk categories are reduced, screening of blood and also to prevent the individual from donating the blood. It is also analyzed that HIV is transmitted through the maternal blood that enters by the circulation of fetal circulation virus at the time of labor and delivery. The postnatal HIV infection can take place via breastfeeding and also include 14 percent of the HIV infections at the time of delivery. The virus can easily enter the body through infected cells. The transmission mode considers the initial cells that encounter virus. Indication suggests that in the sexual transmission 1 variant of HIV Can reduce the frequency in order to pass to the recipient (Brown et al., 2016). Host and Environmental factor HIV is enhancing in context with the socioeconomic problem. There are many factors that cause poverty, cultural aspects and also it is essential for the rapid and global development of AIDS epidemic. It is a virus that is caused due to the deficiency in the human. It is important to have a proper scientific knowledge that is essential to prevent AIDS. The progress is made in which micro bides are developed and also there is anti-infective medication that is formulated to prevent HIV. It is also important that the development should be supported by the education campaigns that geared women perspective to safeguard themselves and their children from the transmission of HIV (Yusuf et al., 2015). It is significant that the vaccine development should take place in a proper manner. In the recent scenario, the environmental awareness has attained the attention of the public. The influence is also put on the environmental factors like weather, personal attitudes and also on policies that have infected the life of the persons. In the idea of a vaccine, the edible tissue of transgenic crop plants has also achieved a great success (Emlet et al., 2015).It has a negative impact on the economies of many countries. The magnitude of the demographic and economic impact is reducing the health gains that are made in the last few decades. People with HIV create a burden on the public finance and the major impact was on the health sector. The impact of HIV is on the individuals and also on their families. There are many cases that have resulted in the loss of the income and also enhanced expenditure. The families that are affected by HIV reduce the savings and assets so that the expenditure and income shocks can be attained (Siegel et al., 2015). It has also reduced the profits and labor productivity due to the enhancement in the AIDS expenditure. ILO evaluates that t hirty-seven million people globally are involved in the productive economic activities are HIV positive. It has also given impact on employment, relationships and also on the social reactions of the community members. HIV has also given impact on the parenthood. It is stated that 70 percent of the parents who are HIV infected taken into consideration that their family planning is over, as it is not possible to bear any more child (Masur et al., 2014). The children suffering from HIV have a high risk of death and also the direct impact is given on the psychology of the children. The study states that genetic measurements should be straightforward and should also measure the environmental exposure. There are various challenges to overcome the environmental factors. The multivariate models require validation both internally and externally. The research also investigated that the social and health factor that is related to the HIV infection. If there is a higher rate of prevalence and also the availability is easy of the physicians then the prevention can be made easily by the HIV. If there is a high rate of an adolescent fertility rate that can easily enhance the epidemic. It is also evaluated that HIV gives impact on the family, community, and country (Bennett et al., 2014). Potential Policy Responses It is analyzed that in the countries of central Asia the HIV is enhancing globally, and also it has been driven by injecting drug use. There are various approaches that give support to children who are affected by HIV. It gives direct and indirect impact on the rights of children and also the consequences of the impact can be minimized if the qualities of health and education services are accessed. There are four major principles related to the rights of children: The right to survive and also to protect from the neglection and from abuse, the right to listen and to raise the voice and also the right related to freedom from discrimination. Right based programming is also related to prevention, care, protection and impact mitigation. It focuses on promoting the participation of the children in implementing the HIV programmes (Okoror et al., 2014). The global strategy is taken into consideration so that the guidance can be attained for the orphans and also for the infected children by HIV. The strategies that are analyzed have the aim to: Enhance the capacity of the families so that the protection and care can be given to orphans and to the infected children. It also ensures that the essential services should be given to the orphan and infected children that consist of education and health. It is also analyzed that awareness is essential for creating a supportive environment for the children and also for families who are directly affected by HIV. The strategies are considered as an important aspect that is required for effective care and support (Insight Start Study Group, 2015). There are various policies and practices that have given significant improvement in the lives of the affected children. It consists of policies and laws that hold the property rights of the orphan. The school education is given for free with the subsidiary and the good governance is supported and promoted. Government programs play a significant role in assisting care for people with HIV but it is evaluated that there are some limitations. The limitations are: Some people do not consider the early therapy because of some rules related to eligibility. The goals and the standards of HIV are related to the primary care so that the disease can be monitored and also effective therapy that is based on the clinical indicator for the progression of disease (Cohen et al., 2016). The majority of funds are provided in context with the Care act that is distributed with the community input. The care Act gives emphasis on the role of planning and also in decision making with the involvement of the community and also it meets the needs of HIV. Congress also considered the unmet needs of the communities. In 1999, Congress has given funds to assist a minority HIV people. The main aim of the member of the community is to give a response to the HIV Epidemic (Oni Unwin, 2015). The congressional Black caucus also played a significant role in creating the initiatives and also to consider the priority of funding. Medicaid is one of the public programs that give drug coverage. Under this, the drug is considered as an optional service that should be provided by the state. There are very important variations to cover the policies from state to state and also to limit the number of prescriptions that are given and filled each month (Breet et al., 2014). In many states, an individual who is disabled and eligible for the income-related with supplemental income qualifies for Medicaid. The SSI is an income support program that is conducted by the social security administration for low-income group. The program that is related to social security disability gives income support payments to the workers who are considered as disabled. The state gives an offer of providing full Medicaid benefit to the individuals that consist of disabilities and also the income that is more than the income level. The state also considers a certain amount to disregard and also gives focus on determining the eligibility criteria of Medicaid (Deeks et al., 2013). The high ability of the policy refers to collect, analyze and also to use the data and the result of health policy that helps to implement in an effective manner. HPP give strength to the governments, individuals and also to the society to frame the policy to develop and implement to give a boost to the national efforts related to HIV. The biological, behavioral and also structural plays a great role and also there is a higher risk for HIV transmission rather than for other individuals (Hanson et al., 2014). Conclusion So, it is analyzed that there are many individuals who are affected by the virus. The direct impact is on contracting and also living with the virus is a great challenge for the individual. The direct impact is considered by analyzing the effectiveness of the management program and also it is related to the prevention of new infections. The main challenge is to encourage HIV testing by considering the risk groups and the care should be given who are living with HIV. It is essential to take corrective steps and also to consider prevention methods so that it cannot be spread easily. At the time of prevention, it is essential that physical and psychosocial impact should be taken into consideration of the virus. The policies and procedures should consider the wants of the individuals, families and of the community so that the impact on the various sectors can be addressed properly. Also, it is evaluated that the biomedical and lay perspective approach helps to prevent HIV and also enhanc es the benefits. The holistic approach should be considered that collaborates the model of HIV. It gives impact on lot of the lives of an individual and also through the collective action of the society and also by the national support it can be controlled. References Attell,B.K.(2013). Social contact theory: A framework for understanding Aids related stigma. The journal of public and professional Sociology. Bennett, J. E., Dolin, R., Blaser, M. J. (2014).Principles and practice of infectious diseases (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. Breet, E., Kagee, A., Seedat, S. (2014). HIV-related stigma and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in HIV-infected individuals: does social support play a mediating or moderating role?.AIDS care,26(8), 947-951. doi:10.1080/09540121.2014.901486 Brown, M. J., Serovich, J. M., Kimberly, J. A., Hu, J. (2016).Psychological reactance and HIV-related stigma among women living with HIV.AIDS care,28(6), 745-749. Doi:10.1080/09540121.2016.1147015 Campbell, C., Foulis, C. (2004). Creating contexts for effective home-based care of people living with HIV/AIDS.Curationis,27(3), 5-14. Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., ...Godbole, S. V. (2016). Antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.New England Journal of Medicine,375(9), 830-839. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1600693 Deeks, S. G., Lewin, S. R., Havlir, D. V. (2013). The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease.The Lancet,382(9903), 1525-1533. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61809-7 Earnshaw, V. A., Smith, L. R., Chaudoir, S. R., Amico, K. R., Copenhaver, M. M. (2013). HIV stigma mechanisms and well-being among PLWH: a test of the HIV stigma framework.AIDS and Behavior,17(5), 1785-1795. doi:10.1007/s10461-013-0437-9 Emlet, C. A., Brennan, D. J., Brennenstuhl, S., Rueda, S., Hart, T. A., Rourke, S. B. (2015). The impact of HIV-related stigma on older and younger adults living with HIV disease: does age matter?.AIDS care,27(4), 520-528. doi:10.1080/09540121.2014.978734 Hanson, M. A., Gluckman, P. D., Godfrey, K. M. (2014).Developmental epigenetics and risks of later non-communicable disease.InHormones, Intrauterine Health and Programming(pp. 175-183).Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02591-9_12 Herek, G. M., Saha, S., Burack, J. (2013). Stigma and psychological distress in people with HIV/AIDS.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,35(1), 41-54. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2012.746606 Insight Start Study Group. (2015). Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection.N Engl J Med,2015(373), 795-807. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506816 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS., UNICEF. (2010).Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report, 2010. UNICEF. Katz, I. T., Ryu, A. E., Onuegbu, A. G., Psaros, C., Weiser, S. D., Bangsberg, D. R., Tsai, A. C. (2013). Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis.Journal of the International AIDS Society,16(3Suppl 2). doi:10.7448/IAS.16.3.18640 Li, L., Liang, L. J., Lin, C., Wu, Z. (2015).Addressing HIV stigma in protected medical settings.AIDS care,27(12), 1439-1442. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1114990 Masur, H., Brooks, J. T., Benson, C. A., Holmes, K. K., Pau, A. K., Kaplan, J. E. (2014). Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Updated Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases,58(9), 1308-1311. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu094 Matheson, G. O., Klgl, M., Engebretsen, L., Bendiksen, F., Blair, S. N., Brjesson, M., ... Khan, K. M. (2013). Prevention and management of non-communicable disease: the IOC consensus statement, Lausanne 2013.Br J Sports Med,47(16), 1003-1011. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093034 Ngo, V. K., Rubinstein, A., Ganju, V., Kanellis, P., Loza, N., Rabadan-Diehl, C., Daar, A. S. (2013). Grand challenges: integrating mental health care into the non-communicable disease agenda.PLoS medicine,10(5), e1001443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001443 Norris, S. A., Anuar, H., Matzen, P., Cheah, J. C. H., Jensen, B. B., Hanson, M. (2014). The life and health challenges of young Malaysian couples: results from a stakeholder consensus and engagement study to support non-communicable disease prevention.BMC public health,14(2), S6. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-S2-S6 ONeil, A., Jacka, F. N., Quirk, S. E., Cocker, F., Taylor, C. B., Oldenburg, B., Berk, M. (2015). A shared framework for the common mental disorders and non-communicable disease: key considerations for disease prevention and control.BMC psychiatry,15(1), 15. doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0394-0 Okoror, T. A., BeLue, R., Zungu, N., Adam, A. M., Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2014). HIV positive women's perceptions of stigma in health care settings in Western Cape, South Africa.Health care for women international,35(1), 27-49. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2012.736566 Oni, T., Unwin, N. (2015). Why the communicable/non-communicable disease dichotomy is problematic for public health control strategies: implications of multimorbidity for health systems in an era of health transition.International health,7(6), 390-399. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihv040 Parker, R., Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and implications for action.Social science medicine,57(1), 13-24. Rodger, A., Bruun, T., Cambiano, V., Vernazza, P., Strada, V., Van Lunzen, J. (2014, March). 153LB: HIV transmission risk through condomless sex if HIV+ partner on suppressive ART: PARTNER Study. In21st Conference on Retroviruses and Oppotunistic Infections(pp. 3-6). Retrieved from https://www.croiconference.org/sites/default/files/abstracts/153LB.pdf Siegel, J., Yassi, A., Rau, A., Buxton, J. A., Wouters, E., Engelbrecht, M. C., ...Nophale, L. E. (2015). Workplace interventions to reduce HIV and TB stigma among health care workersWhere do we go from here?.Global public health,10(8), 995-1007. doi:10.1080/17441692.2015.1021365 World Health Organization. (2016).Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/208825/1/9789241549684_eng.pdf Wouters, E., Rau, A., Engelbrecht, M., Uebel, K., Siegel, J., Masquillier, C., ...Yassi, A. (2016). The development and piloting of parallel scales measuring external and internal HIV and tuberculosis stigma among healthcare workers in the Free State Province, South Africa.Clinical Infectious Diseases,62(suppl_3), S244-S254. doi:10.1093/cid/civ1185 Wu, L., Li, X. (2013). Community-based HIV/AIDS interventions to promote psychosocial well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS: a literature review.Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine: An Open Access Journal,1(1), 31-46. Yusuf, S., Wood, D., Ralston, J., Reddy, K. S. (2015). The World Heart Federation's vision for worldwide cardiovascular disease prevention.The Lancet,386(9991), 399-402. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60265-3